Anthropogenic: Environmental change caused or influenced by human activities.Built Environment: Human-made environment, including buildings, infrastructure, roads, and walkways. Carbon Offset: A financial instrument that represents a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and is used by the purchaser to counterbalance the emissions resulting from an organization’s own activities. Types of offsets include renewable energy, carbon sequestration (e.g. avoided deforestation or reforestation), regenerative agriculture, or landfill methane capture. Climate Adaptation: Steps taken to prepare for and manage the current and future impacts of climate change. Climate Positive: Going beyond net zero emissions to reduce more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than are emitted. Climate Resilience: The ability to prepare for, adapt to, and recover from the impacts of climate change. Decarbonization: The process of reducing or eliminating the use of systems that produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other GHG emissions. Ecosystem Services: Direct and indirect benefits to human well-being provided by natural environments (e.g., air and water filtration, pollination, and recreational benefits). Embodied Carbon: The GHG emissions associated with the construction of a building, including the manufacturing, transportation, and installation of materials. Environmental Justice: Ensuring that no population bears a disproportionate share of negative environmental impacts and that all communities have the ability to make informed decisions to access and benefit from healthy environments. Food Insecurity: Not having physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Greenhouse gases are gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Scope 1 Emissions: Direct emissions, on-site from sources owned and controlled by an organization (e.g. natural gas boiler consumption). Scope 2 Emissions: Indirect emissions, off-site from purchased utilities (e.g. purchased electricity) Scope 3 Emissions: Other indirect, off-site emissions resulting from an organization’s activities (e.g. purchased goods, employee commuting, business travel, and waste). Greenspace: Space that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees, or other vegetation in an otherwise urban environment (e.g., parks, gardens, and green roofs). HopkinsLocal: JHU’s commitment to leverage the economic power of the University and Health System to expand participation of local and minority-owned businesses in construction; increase hiring of city residents, with a focus on neighborhoods in need of job opportunities; and enhance economic growth, employment, and investment in Baltimore through purchasing activities. Natural Environment: All non-human made, living and non-living, components of our environment. Net Zero Emissions: Maximizing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from an organization’s activities, and using carbon offsets to counterbalance only the most difficult to address emissions sources. Pre-Consumer Food Waste: Food waste such as expired, spoiled, or extra food that is discarded within control of the foodservice operator. Single Use Plastics: Disposable plastic goods that are designed to be used once before being thrown away or recycled (e.g., plastic straws, bags, and packaging). Stormwater Management: Efforts to reduce, control, or treat the runoff of rainwater and melted snow and ice in a physical environment. Transportation Demand Management: Strategies to improve access to transportation options and maximize the efficiency of transportation systems. Waste Diversion: The process of diverting waste from landfills, including through source reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting. Zero Emissions: Not adding any GHG emissions to the atmosphere, outside of marginal emissions like backup power. Zero Waste: The practice of conserving resources and eliminating waste through responsible production, consumption, reuse, and recovery of materials and products. Scope 1: Direct emissions, on-site from sources owned and controlled by an organization (e.g. natural gas boiler consumption). Scope 2: Indirect emissions, off-site from purchased utilities (e.g. purchased electricity) Scope 3: Other indirect, off-site emissions resulting from an organization’s activities (e.g. purchased goods, employee commuting, business travel, and waste).
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